Q: Which of the following amorphous solid is used as photovoltaic material for conversion of sunlight into electricity?

Explanation:

Photovoltaic Material

Silicon is the correct answer because it is widely used as a photovoltaic material to convert sunlight into electricity. Photovoltaic cells, commonly known as solar cells, primarily rely on silicon due to its excellent semiconductor properties. Silicon can efficiently absorb sunlight and convert it into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect.

Amorphous solids lack a long-range ordered structure, and among the options provided:

Quartz glass and quartz are forms of silicon dioxide. While they are related to silicon, they do not possess the necessary semiconductor properties required for effective photovoltaic conversion.

Silicon, on the other hand, especially in its amorphous form, is utilized in certain types of solar cells. Although amorphous silicon has lower efficiency compared to its crystalline counterpart, it offers advantages like flexibility and lower production costs, making it suitable for specific applications.

Therefore, silicon stands out as the appropriate amorphous solid for photovoltaic applications, making option C the correct choice.